Monday, 21 November 2011
How Does ‘Shaun of The Dead’ Subvert Structuralist Notions of Genre?
Shaun of the dead is classed within the genre of postmodernism; this is because it rejects the codes and conventions of a typical horror film and instead focuses on representing the modality of life by personalising the film with the audience. Shaun of the dead subverts structuralism by changing the distinctive horror paradigms into a more comical outlook.
Shaun of the dead is set in a suburbia location which is seen as more calm and quiet in comparison to the cluttered population in central London. The reasoning behind being set in suburbia is because it is portrayed as a boring place where you tend to go to settle down and grow up; this makes the audience believe that nothing out of the ordinary would happen here, especially not a zombie invasion. The majority of the film is set during the day but, as the plot continues the day passes and we are led into the night. Much like a typical horror film, when it turns into night the mood changes and becomes scarier, this is because the dark holds the fear of the unknown. One of the main locations used in the film is the local pub; this is controversial as pubs are extremely common which allows the audience to connect to the film as what is happening could be happening in any pub, anywhere. A pub is also unconventional as it is the least isolated location that could be used and creates unease as there is nowhere to hide as all the action is focused within one room. This setting more relates to a western film than it does horror, as in a western the saloon bar is a famous location where most of the action takes place.
The main character Shaun is not the stereotypical good looking, tall, strong hero; instead he is almost the anti-hero as he is ginger, unfit and not the most attractive male. The dominant female in the group is Liz; once again she is not the usual girl you would find in a horror film. Liz is portrayed as a confident, individual woman who is intelligent and not a standardised appealing female. When we get further into the film we see Liz taking on a protective role when she saves Shaun. Not only is this unusual for a woman to be protective, it is also a twist on the stereotypical final girl in which we already are familiar with, such as Jamie Lee Curtis who is shown as pretty, vulnerable and weak against the killer in the film ‘Halloween.’ This also gives us a perception on a 21st century heroin. The final main character is called Ed; he is portrayed as the funny guy of the group by having a nihilistic approach to all situations. As well as being one of the comical characters in the film, he is also one of the laziest. We are shown this through mise-en-scene as he is dressed in scruffy baggy clothing and the apartment he lives in could almost be described as a pigsty. Having a comical and not as intelligent character in a horror film is quite common as it immediately allows the audience to acknowledge the idea that this character is more prone to death. This paradigm is carried out as Ed does get bitten by the zombies, but then the paradigm was rejected as we see Ed chained up in the shed at the end, as Shaun still saw him as a friend even though he was classed as zombie. In addition to this, not only do the characters reject the norm but the zombies do as well. In an ordinary horror film zombies are portrayed as the un-dead therefore they look rotten and deadly. In Shaun of the dead the zombies are a parody of conventional zombies as they have the fictional qualities such as the slow walk, groaning noises, and green skin. Within this film they convey the hidden message that everyone is a zombie every day. They show this by repeating Shaun’s morning routine where he gets out of bed and imitates the main features of a zombie; for example the slow hesitant walk and a groaning yawn.
A prop paradigm that is most commonly used in horror films is a knife as it is personal between the killer and its victim. In Shaun of the dead, each main character has their own iconic weapon. Shaun uses a cricket bat as a weapon. A cricket bat is associated with middle class men as it is a more sophisticated sport in comparison to rugby. As well as this, a cricket bat would never be used for violence so the idea that Shaun is using the cricket bat as a weapon is controversial. Ed’s uses a shovel as a weapon, which is mainly used for gardening. Gardening is seen as therapeutic and calm so to use it for vengeance juxtaposes with its intended purpose. One scene showed Shaun going to use a knife as a weapon which followed the codes and conventions. The knife was presented as a shiny image that you would immediately want to grab, as Shaun was just about to take the knife he refused and went back to the cricket back to act as the rejection of the codes and conventions. This enhances the concept of postmodernism, as we see Shaun rejecting a major prop paradigm and opting for the less fierce weapon. During the scenes in the pub, we see a rifle gun being used by Ed and Shaun. Although this is a more forceful weapon, a rifle is not suited to a horror film and is more related to the genre of a Western film, which was also referenced previously. A complete reverse on the term weapon is shown in a certain scene in a neighbour’s garden where the characters start to use children’s toys as weapons. Children’s toys are aimed at children for one reason being that they are harmless and are only used for fun and entertainment purposes. Children’s toys are categorised as innocent as they are targeted at not only children, but innocent children. This juxtaposes with the idea that when a child’s toy is placed in the ownership of adults the whole concept of the toy changes.
Editing conveys a large amount of postmodernism within this film. A common usage of an unknown, eerie non-diegetic sound is used when a suspicious character enters the scene. The effect of the non-diegetic sound is to create tension for the audience, and to trigger that first question of who is that character, and why is that sound presented when they appear? This relates to an aspect of Barthes’s theory ‘The Enigma Code’ which states that when an individual watches a film they instantly create a series of questions which relate to the complications of the plot. However, even though the non-diegetic sound is used which follows the sound paradigms it immediately cuts off and changes back to a normal state which subverts from a conventional horror film into a postmodern film.
In conclusion, Shaun of the dead subverts structuralist notions of genre by applying aspects of paradigms throughout the film but then further rejecting them to reinforce to the audience that this is neither a classic horror film nor a spoof but is a postmodern film which plays with the generic conventions knowingly. From analysing Shaun of the dead, I can convey that some people may class this film as horror because of its use of gore, but in my eyes the gore is more comical than scary as it is portrayed as completely unrealistic rather than in films like Saw where it is presented as realistic as possible to add to the scare factor.
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